> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://dunes-protocol.gitbook.io/untitled/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://dunes-protocol.gitbook.io/untitled/dunes-protocol/legends-about-runes-protocol/core-concepts-of-the-runes-protocol.md).

# Core Concepts of the Runes Protocol

**Native UTXOs: The unspent pieces of Bitcoin**

* **Runes** draws its power from **native UTXOs**—those unspent Bitcoin fragments within the Bitcoin blockchain. These unspent transaction outputs, akin to ancient runes etched in stardust, form the elemental building blocks of Runes tokens.
* When a user creates a Runes token, each transaction starts by picking up pieces of Bitcoin that haven't been spent yet (like digital change) and uses them to create new transactions.
* Runes tokens are lightweight, occupying only a fraction of the blockchain’s canvas. No bloated contracts, no unnecessary layers—just the purity of native UTXOs.

**Proof of Burn: The Alchemical Consensus**

* Runes dances with fire. When invalid protocol messages arise, it doesn’t shy away. Instead, it invokes the flames of efficiency. Malformed tokens are burned, ensuring the Bitcoin networks remains unclogged and remains scalable. This alchemical consensus ensures efficiency and keeps the Bitcoin ecosystem humming.
* Once a token is etched into the UTXO ledger, it becomes part of the cosmic chronicle. Immutable, unalterable—a testament to the protocol’s integrity.

**Security**

* Runes has a built-in mechanism to eliminate poorly formed tokens, promoting a cleaner and safer environment. BRC-20's issuance process can lead to "junk data" on the blockchain
* Runes exist directly within the Bitcoin blockchain. This means they leverage the same level of security and decentralization that Bitcoin provides.

**The Cosmic Symphony Continues**

As you delve deeper into the Runes story, remember that you’re deciphering the very fabric of the universe. Each token, a verse; each UTXO, a note. May your journey be as enlightening as the cosmic dawn. 🌌🔮